In Hainan Talk | 这是我们第一次向外国友人分享、表演海南公仔戏...

复兴城

“这是我们第一次向外国友人分享、表演海南公仔戏，看到大家的热情和喜爱，我也感到很兴奋。” 海南公仔戏代表性传承人冯海说到。10月23日，由海口复兴城互联网信息产业园及海南凡一翻译联合举办的 In Hainan Talk 非物质文化遗产：海南公仔戏主题分享活动在海口复兴城中国香街举办，吸引了来自英国、美国、乌克兰等多个国家的外籍友人前来参与。

“This is the first time I've come to share Hainan Doll Opera with foreigners. I am very excited to see your enthusiasm and love," said FENG Hai (a representative inheritor of Hainan Doll Opera) in his opening remarks at the “In Hainan Talk - National Intangible Cultural Heritage: Hainan Doll Opera” activity jointly organized by Haikou Fullsing Internet Industry Park and Hainan #1 Translation Agency on October 23rd at Fullsing's Agilawood street. This first in a series of events attracted both locals and foreigners with audience members coming from countries including Britain, the US, and the Ukraine.

来自三江公仔戏团的海南公仔戏代表性传承人冯海老师在活动当天用3个经典的公仔戏角色武生、小生、花旦为现场国内外友人介绍了公仔戏的历史、演变、表演形式以及自己与公仔戏的渊源。

The event's keynote speaker Master FENG Hai is a representative inheritor of Hainan Doll Opera from the Sanjiang Doll Troupe. With the help of three “assistants" (Wu Sheng, Xiao Sheng and Hua Dan) he introduced the history, evolution, performance form and the stories of doll opera to the audience.

“我的祖辈是公仔戏老艺人，受到影响，我8、9岁就爱上了公仔戏。中学毕业后就走上了公仔戏的舞台，至今已经33年。我的儿孙现在也在学习公仔戏，希望可以把根植于民众之中的传统民间艺术瑰宝传承下去。”

“My ancestors were Doll Opera masters as well. Affected by them, I became interested in the dolls when I was only 8 or 9 years old. After graduating from high school, I started to perform on stage with them. By now, I have been performing for 33 years. My children and grandchildren are also learning from me and, when I am gone, they hope to continue to pass on the treasures of this traditional Hainanese folk art."

海口日报王程龙摄

“3.3米左右的舞台，我们有12人进行表演，3人在幕布后操纵木偶，背景音乐由乐团演奏，我用海南话演唱，画面、配乐、唱腔、歌词结合在一起讲述一个当地的民间故事。虽然公仔脸上没有表情，但是我们表演时要体会到剧中人物的悲喜，怒要大声骂出来，喜要快乐地唱出来，这样才能演好公仔戏，带领观众更好地入戏。”

“Standing behind a stage of about 3.3 meters, there are 12 people performing. Three of them operate puppets behind the curtain. The background music is played by an orchestra and I sing in the Hainanese dialect. The performance, music, singing and lyrics are combined to tell a local folk story. Although the doll's faces have no ability to express emotion, we experience the characters' sadness and joy through the performance. We shout out to express anger and sing happily to interpret joy. In this way we can put on a wonderful show and better immerse the audience in it. "

“目前我们戏团有20多个木偶，因经常演出使用，并且每年都会给它们面部上色，保存地非常好，均超过100年历史，有些已超200年。”

“At present, our troupe has more than 20 puppets. Because they are often used in performances, we must do maintenance every year such as repainting their faces. Even so, they are well preserved. They all have a history of more than 100 years. Some of them have been continuously in use for more than 200 years."

海口日报王程龙摄

现场，冯海老师用公仔“武生”演绎了经典的桥段节选，展示了公仔的操控方法，并邀请了几位观众上前近距离学习和感受海南公仔，随后冯海老师一一解答大家的疑问。

Master FENG Hai took the “Wusheng" character to show the audience some of the ways in which it can be controlled. He also invited several audience members to come forward to try holding and operating the dolls.

“喜欢这门艺术的年轻人越来越少。目前，这门传统艺术传播范围较小，多在海南乡村演出，不少人对公仔戏并不了解，传承处于困难的阶段。很开心今天能来向大家介绍公仔戏，接下来希望多开展这样的活动，让更多海内外人才感受独特的海南本土文化。”

“These days fewer and fewer young people like this traditional art. Even fewer choose to learn how to perform it. Our performances mostly take place in the villages of Hainan. As a result only a small number of people know about it. I am glad to introduce Hainan Doll Opera to you today. In the future, I hope more such events could be held, so that more talents from both China and overseas can experience our island's unique local culture."

复兴城产业园品牌副总经理尚文介绍，“园区今年获评‘国家文化出口基地’，中国香街也是海南文化的体现，我们希望将香街打造成各种文化碰撞的地方，在未来我们将不定期举办各类分享知识的国际文化沙龙和各种以节日为主题的活动。In Hainan Talk线下系列活动主旨是借助复兴城这个平台进行推广，让更多的岛内外及国际友人了解海南文化，让不同文化通过活动相互交织、碰撞，积极推动文化‘走出去’，人才‘引进来’。”

SHANG Wen, deputy general manager of the Fullsing Internet Industrial Park brand, said, “Fullsing was listed this year as a ‘National Cultural Export Base'. Our Agilawood Street is also a place which embodies Hainan culture. We hope to make the this street into a place where various cultures collide in positive and interesting ways. In the future, as part of creating a better environment, we will hold various international cultural salons to share knowledge and various festive activities. With the offline ‘In Hainan Talk’ series of activities we hope to enable people of different cultures to interact with each other and local culture in a fruitful way that ‘exports culture' and 'entices talents'".

海南公仔戏 Hainan Doll Opera

公仔戏又称木偶戏，从宋末元初传到我们海南，比琼剧历史更悠久，将文学、美术、音乐、戏曲融为一体，早期是用做祭神活动，现在演变为戏台演出，在祭祀、祝寿、婚礼等活动中都可以看到，极具地方特色。

Doll Opera (also known as Puppet Opera) was introduced to Hainan at some point between the end of the Song Dynasty and beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. With a longer history than the human performed Qiong opera, it integrates literature, art, and music. In its earliest form, it was used as a way of worshipping and respecting the gods. Now it has evolved into a stage performance which can be seen at birthday celebrations, weddings and other activities.

清光绪（1875年）以前，公仔戏只是单人棚（或称一担棚），由一个人操纵木偶表演，没有音乐，用担子一挑就走，随后发展为“双人棚”“三人棚”到了清末期，已发展为“四人棚”，这种体制一直延续到现在。它融入海南方言、民歌、民间器乐曲，演绎历史故事和本地民间故事，成为有海南特色的艺术品种，海南民间称之为“公仔戏”。

Prior to 1875, Hainan Doll Opera was performed by a single puppeteer in a tent without music. In this way one person could put on a show and afterwards put the tent on a pole and be on their way. It quickly developed into a two or three person show. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was a four-person show. Since then it has remained a four person show Strongly influenced by the local dialect, folk songs, and folk music, the puppet shows told historical stories as well as local tales, and became a distinctively Hainanese art form.

公仔是木雕工艺美术的杰作。头部用木头雕刻而成。上半身有藤竹编织成肩膀，下半身用袍裙遮掩，再以靴、鞋代脚，两手用木刻，偶身插以木棍或藤条，以便操纵，中躯主棒插入头部藏于体内。公仔戏角色行当都穿戴宋朝冠服，衣服上镶有刺绣等传统图案，并以珠钗、绢花等为装饰，使用兵器道具都属宋代样式。

Hainan puppets are wood carving masterpieces. Their heads are carved from wood. Their shoulders are made of wicker. Lower down you can see robes and skirts with boots or shoes for the feet; the main rod used to operate the puppet is hidden in the body and extends up to the head. All characters wear the clothing of Song Dynasty officials, and the clothes are inlaid with traditional patterns and designs, with things like pearls, hairpins, silk flowers, and other adornments. The military weapons are all in the Song style.

公仔戏演出的舞台台面一丈（3.3米）左右，顶盖布蓬，台前帷幕。戏台分前、后台，用布幔隔开，叫中幕。中幕左右用布幔遮挡，叫角幕。公仔从角幕出入，表演者在幕后操纵木偶。操纵木偶拱手作揖、跺脚、拂袖、跑马、射箭、滚翻、跳跃、眼睛转动、嘴张合等，根据剧情的需要灵活运用。

Hainan Doll Opera is performed on a 3.3 meter wide stage with a cloth roof cover and a curtain in front. The puppets can be made to bow with folded hands, stamp their feet, ride a horse, fire arrows, tumble, jump, turn their eyes, open and close their mouths, and move along with the story.

三江公仔戏于2007年申报列入市级第一批、省级第二批保护名录，随后2008年入选国家级第二批物质文化遗产保护名录。

In 2007, Sanjiang Doll Opera was registered as a first level municipal protected heritage item and a second level provincial heritage item. Then, in 2008, it was one of the arts inscribed as part of the second batch of National Level Intangible Cultural Heritage items.

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